Robotic Orthopedic Surgery

About Robotic Orthopedic Surgery

Robotic orthopedic surgery, also known as robotically assisted surgery, is a minimally invasive procedure that enhances surgeons’ capabilities in performing orthopedic surgeries. This technique utilizes robotic systems to improve precision and outcomes in orthopedic procedures. The primary robotic systems used are haptic (surgeon-guided) and autonomous. Another popular type is passive surgery systems. These robotic systems offer more precise preparation of bony surfaces, contributing to better surgical outcomes.

Advantages of Robotic Orthopedic Surgery

Robotic orthopedic surgery provides several benefits, including:

• Improved Long-Term Function: Enhances the functionality of the joint over time.
• Precise Implant Placement: Results in a more natural feeling and better alignment of the implant.
• Increased Safety: Reduces the risk of injury to surrounding tissues.
• Reduced Infection Risk: Procedures can be performed in a sterile environment, minimizing infection risks.
• Enhanced Cosmesis: Smaller incisions lead to less scarring and improved cosmetic outcomes.
• Less Postoperative Pain: Minimally invasive techniques reduce pain and discomfort after surgery.

Robotic Hip Replacement Surgery

Persistent hip pain lasting more than three months can indicate a significant issue, often requiring surgical intervention. Common causes include hip impingement, torn labrum, and osteoarthritis. Robotic hip replacement surgery is a modern and successful orthopedic solution.

Types of Hip Surgery:

• Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: Aims to reduce inflammation and pain caused by joint wear, arthritis, or injury.
• Total Hip Replacement Surgery: The most common orthopedic procedure, involving the removal of the femoral head and the replacement of the hip joint with durable artificial implants.

Total Hip Replacement Surgery

Total hip replacement surgery involves replacing the femoral head (thigh bone) and the socket joint with advanced artificial implants. These implants are designed to last a lifetime. Key procedures to reduce recovery time include:

• Ceramic Hip Implants: Smooth surfaces reduce joint wear.
• Direct Anterior Muscle Separating Arthroplasty: Surgery is performed by separating muscles rather than cutting through them.
• Short Stem Hip Implants: Designed for minimally invasive procedures with shorter stems.

Robotic Hip Arthroscopy

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery performed to address hip pain caused by damaged tissues or cartilage around the hip joint. The goal is to clear debris from the joint and reduce inflammation, helping alleviate symptoms from various conditions affecting the hip.

Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery

Robotic knee replacement surgery treats chronic knee arthritis or injury-related discomfort. The procedure involves removing worn-out knee surfaces using advanced implant technology. It is primarily recommended for knee arthritis treatment.

Types of Knee Surgery:

• Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: A minimally invasive procedure that uses fiber optic cameras and long tools to examine and repair joint damage. This method reduces recovery time due to fewer incisions.

Different Procedures of Robot-Assisted Surgery

Robot-assisted surgery spans various medical fields, including:

• General Surgery
• Cardiothoracic Surgery
• Urologic Surgical Procedures
• Brain Surgery
• Neck Surgery
• Cardiovascular Surgery

In orthopedics, robotic surgery is used to remove diseased or damaged bone fragments and correct spinal deformities like scoliosis and kyphosis. The most common robotic-assisted surgeries include total knee replacement and total hip replacement.

Tests Required for Robotic-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery

Before undergoing robotic-assisted knee or hip replacement surgery, several tests are necessary, including:

• MRI
• CT Scan
• X-rays of the affected area
• Preoperative Blood Tests

Preparations for the Surgery

Patients must follow specific guidelines before surgery, such as:

• Cessation of Tobacco Use
• Abstinence from Alcohol
• Avoiding Blood-Thinning Agents
• Avoiding Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers
• No Solid or Liquid Food from the Night Before Surgery
• Informing the Doctor About Essential Medications

Procedure

Robotic-assisted total knee or hip replacement surgery typically takes about 90 minutes. While robots assist, the surgical team administers and guides the system through the procedure. The robotic arms, equipped with surgical instruments, cameras, and magnifying lenses, help the surgeon make precise incisions and corrections. This precision reduces the likelihood of implant loosening or dislocation.

Recovery

Post-surgery, patients experience minimal discomfort. A one-week hospital stay is usually required, during which patients are taught to use their new implants. Recovery instructions include:

• Taking Prescribed Medications
• Maintaining an Elevated Knee Position
• Regular Physiotherapy Exercises
• Avoiding Tripping or Falling
• Using Assistive Devices
• Keeping the Surgical Site Clean and Dry

While robotic-assisted surgery does not significantly shorten recovery time, it reduces surgical risks and complications, such as nerve damage or implant dislocation, thanks to the precision of the robotic system.

Complications

Like all surgeries, robotic-assisted orthopedic procedures carry risks, although they are minimized with robotic assistance. Potential complications include:

• Excessive Bruising
• Damage to Surrounding Areas
• Port Site Hernia

Cost of Robotic Orthopedic Surgery in India

Robotic orthopedic surgery in India is more affordable compared to many other countries. The cost ranges from USD 2,000 (INR 158,553) to USD 10,000 (INR 792,766), depending on factors like the surgeon, hospital, and city. This affordability makes India a preferred destination for robotic orthopedic surgeries.